The futuristic drones, intercontinental missiles and laser and microwave systems that rolled through central Beijing on Wednesday reflect not only the intensity of China’s military modernisation drive but also advances in the research and manufacturing ecosystem that has sprung up to develop it.
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At least five nuclear-capable missile types made their debut during the military parade – three can reportedly reach the continental United States; one is a submarine-launched ballistic missile; and the fifth is a long-range air-launched ballistic missile.
Added to those were several new types and variants of drones, including reconnaissance-strike unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), “loyal wingman” types, and fighter-like unmanned combat air vehicles.
Of all the new drones on show on Wednesday, only one, an upgraded GJ-11, could be definitively identified by military enthusiasts, indicating the variety of configurations and fresh technology being developed.
The drone industry has been awash with experimentation and competition in recent years, with Chinese state-owned and private companies developing various types of UAVs.
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While China’s major defence conglomerates continue to do the bulk of its weapons development, private businesses are increasingly entering the sector under the country’s military-civil fusion strategy, supported by university research bodies and China’s vast industrial capacity.